If its a reflection problem i guess it tries to reflect something that doesnt exist.
That means looking at the cone like shape in the middle of your picture you just see the “black” environment.
If i’m right it might change by adding something like a skydome to your scene or quick check it by changing the environment color to a mid grey.
That’s the general problem with reflections, if nothing is there to reflect you won’t see any difference after changing values.
If its a refraction problem you normally would see right through the cone like shape.
So you would see whats beneath the water surface while, maybe penetrating some more layers of the water.
Try to add a plane with a bright color under your water surface and check if the black disappears while adjusting the refraction value / exit color / depth.
Its just guessing but maybe it points in some useful direction.