No, because you’re not changing the actual dimensions of the image, just the size (DPI) that it’s printed at, or more accurately is interpreted at.
Think of it like this: You have a a piece of graph paper and draw a square that’s 10 x 10 on that grid:

Now if you took another sheet of graph paper that had smaller squares on it and drew the square again the exact same size, the square hasn’t actually gotten any bigger but it contains more grid units:

When you change the DPI of an image in Photoshop with “Resample image” unchecked that’s exactly what you’re doing, you’re just changing the way that box is described. The actual pixel size of the box doesn’t change. If you were to have “Resample image” checked when you change the DPI then that would alter the actual pixel size of the box and your image would scale because you’re altering the number of pixels in width/height.
That make sense?