1 = Use lighter tones for muscle divisions to make the masses look smoother but still detailed.
Yes, I agree
2 = Give the image a little extra style / attitude with body language = the tilt of the head makes him look more intense.
I didn’t change his pose, except slightly changing the outline of his pants, and moving his head. The head, I may not have totally succeeded, I was trying to visualize the spine and neck, these 2 must be connected and flow together, I think the head should be a bit higher still.
3 = Go more wild with cloth, use reference. I have trouble drawing folds in cloth unless I’m looking at reference.
Yes, I used reference myself.
Easy to find, just Google “martial art”, I think on the second page there was a guy in a similar pose in white pants, facing the opposite way and with the opposite lighting, but still better than nothing.
4 = For the floor shadow, make the spot closest to the body darker and fade with distance.
Yes, that’s right
5 = Make large shadow masses on the body more obvious = large chunks of shadow with a pretty hard edge.
Yes, I let the shadow on the ground guide me as to what kind of lighting you were going for. Since it’s edge was sharp, the arm shadow needed to be sharp too.