You can get the distance by subtracting one point from the other and taking the magnitude of the result. So one could define a new point instead of the origin:
vector $pos = position;
vector $center = <<0,5,0>>;
float $dist = mag($pos-$center);
If you used the following:
nParticleShape1.radiusPP = 1.0/$dist;
Then the particles will be infinitely big at the center point, 1.0 when 1 unit away, and then gradually fall off to zero radius at infinite distance. If instead you want a linear dropoff with distance then you should define what distance beyond which the radius becomes zero:
float $maxDist = 20.0;
if ($dist < $maxDist ){
nParticleShape1.radiusPP = $maxDist -$dist;
} else {
nParticleShape1.radiusPP = 0;
}