Don’t worry, your understanding of how Linear Colour Space works is absolutely correct. The applications work internally in Linear Colour Space, the Viewers work with Gamma set to 2.2 to compensate for the way that displays handle colour.
But the problem is that because you built the scene and made your test renders with Gamma Correction switched off you have been viewing it with a Display Gamma of 1.0, not 2.2. Now that you have set the Gamma Correction to the correct values for working in Linear Colour Space the problem is that your image looks washed out both in the Vue Render Display and in Nuke.
When you set the Read Colour space in Nuke to sRGB nuke applies a gamma correction of 1 divided by 2.2, the viewer in Nuke then applies a correction of multiply by 2.2. The result is the same as multiplying by 1 (1/2.2 * 2.2 = 1) so you are viewing as you were in Vue with Gamma Correction off.
Try the following and I think you will understand what has happened:
Start Vue, go to the render settings and set the Render Destination to “Render to Screen”, set the picture size to something like 800 x 450.
Now render the default scene (sky and ground plane), save it to the render stack (this will be the default unless you changed it).
It looks washed out? Good.
Next LMB Cick File > Options > General Preferences > Gamma and uncheck the “Enable Gamma Correction”.
Render the scene again.
It should now look much darker.
This is how you have been working.
Now go back and check “Enable Gamma Correction”.
Does that help?
The good new is that I suspect that there is so much headroom in Linear Colour Space that you will be able to correct the sequence in Nuke without inducing any artefacts and won’t need to render the sequence again.