Enviroment Support Group


#281

For the next two to three month’s themes,

I’d like everyone to start gathering around 10-15 images of landscapes and buildings as a small photo reference database.

This, we’ll collate together as the ESG photo database to use as reference or even a starting point for subsequent tutorials. As we progress, you’ll realise that the most crucial aspect of producing more realistic images is proper study and reference.

By knowing what exists, we can use imagination to produce the rest.

Software:

http://box.net - for shared network of ESG photo’s (I’ll set up a group account once we have a sufficient pool of images. Just PM me your emails so I can mail out our user/pass)
http://pbase.com - to serach for various images/references


#282

Hi there, I’ll be joining you soon, just have to finish my illustrative work I got.
When do the new theme start up? I’ll be joining you in a week or something…

And thanks to Koshime for this wonderfull opportunity.


#283

Hi there, I’m hoping to start the basics of composition and enviro perspective by Friday this week. Will be good to have you on board


#284

Enviroment Composition & Perspective

   [b][color=LemonChiffon][u]Introduction
   [/u][/b]
   Welcome to this back to basics mini workshop. 
   
   As a self taught artist, I have collated various influences and my understanding of their art methodologies namely: [b]Philip Straub[/b] (NCSoft Art Director and regular IFX contributor for all things enviromental), [b]Glenn Vilppu[/b] (Maestro of figurative anatomy), [b]Singer Sargeant[/b] (known more for his figurative swarthes of colour, he had an eye for landscapes as well),  [b]JMW Turner[/b] (mood and atmosphere) and [b]Joseph Gandy[/b] (unsung artist and architect hero) into what I hope is a simplified overview of this vast subject.
   
   The aim of this workshop is really get most of the beginners to enviromental art a good solid grounding and a nice summary for moderate to advanced users about the these fundamentals that make or break a picture.
   
   As Vilppu is often wont to qoute: " there are no rules, just tools"
   
   This is true to a certain extent for all things related to art, and as an analogy of comparing a natural self taught pianist playing by ear) and one who formally learns the art of playing the piano, we can extrapolate these apply to digital and traditional art
   
   Even so, not all of us are naturally gifted or talented, 
   but with hard work, determination and constant critical analysis and understanding, I feel that the whole process of the journey with art, will be a lifelong fruitful one.
   
   Daniel Dociu sums it up best: "[b]Real talent is effort, work and sweat.[/b] I think that what we percieve as talent is simply a person who has found a way to connect paint A and point Z in their brain by a very convoluted path that we don't relate to and can't understand. Good-calibre talent is hard to find. It's really hard to get through hordes of people who have no business being near a pencil" 
   
   [b]Overview[/b][/color]

[ol]
[li]Format[/li][li]Composition as a tool[/li][li]Material source and Reference[/li][li]Focal Point - Rule of Thirds & Golden Ratio[/li][li]Types of Compositions[/li][li]Additional Tools & Shapes[/li][li]Left brain + Right brain thinking[/li][li]Perspective[/li][/ol]Before attempting any type of enviromental or figurative painting/drawing; it is helpful to have a design plan.

   Some artists will elaborately produce line sketches and have a definative plan that they adhere to throughout the paitning process, some will start with an abstraction and define the forms as the painting progresses, others use an amalgamation and intuition, allowing for an evolution of shapes and themes resulting in a different final outcome from the initial desired.
   
   In all of these, there are no hard and fast rules.
   And it is best to stipulate that the best tool and methd is best used depending on the desired outcome, and that is varies
 
 [u][b]Appendix[/b][/u]
 
 [b]Philip Straub:  
 [/b][img]http://drawn.ca/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2007/01/straub.jpg[/img]

Philip’s meticulously detailed digital and traditional oil paintings are purely based on the fantastic. Currently employed by NCSoft as Art Director, Philip Straub has been working as in illustrator/concept artist in the entertainment industry for over 10 years at the same time as merging his art into many other markets with previous work as EA’s sports Art Director and Universal Pictures.

 [b]Glenn Vilppu: [/b]

Glenn is a living art maestro of figurative art. However, the fundamental precepts of value, form and lighting which translate wholeheartdely to enviromental art as well.

“In over 45 years of teaching drawing my focus has been to bring to the student logic and practical application of drawing in communication. Drawing is thinking and feeling and the needs of the artist today to communicate are no different than they have been down through the ages. All artists have the same problems that they must deal with the differences are in their interests and the order of importance they give to various elements. I do not teach a style, I teach tools of communication and give direction to acquiring knowledge. Knowledge coupled with the development of skill and feeling is what creates the magic. There are no Rules, just tools.”

 [b]Singer Sargeant (1856-1925): 
 [/b]

[size=2]In May 1874, Sargent entered the teaching atelier of a youthful, stylish painter, Carolus-Duran, who encouraged his students to paint immediately, to exploit broad planes of viscous pigment, and to preserve the freshness of the sketch in completed works. [/size][size=2]
[/size]
[size=2]Although Sargent painted, showed, and won praise for both portraits and subject pictures at the Salons between 1877 and 1882, commissions for portraits increasingly demanded his attention and defined his reputation. [/size][font=geneva,arial,sans-serif][size=2]Sargent flourished particularly as a purveyor of likenesses to the English aristocracy. He maintained a dialogue with tradition, creating grand-manner pendants to family heirlooms by van Dyck, Reynolds, and others. American patrons also continued to call upon Sargent’s skills. [/size][/font][font=geneva,arial,sans-serif][size=2]After the turn of the century, Sargent grew tired of the demands of portrait painting. He was constantly preoccupied with mural paintings for the Boston Public Library, [/size][/font][font=geneva,arial,sans-serif][size=2]Sargent engineered his career so astutely that by 1907, when he pledged not to accept any more portrait commissions, he had established a solid reputation as a watercolorist.[/size][/font]

 [b]Joseph Gandy (1771-1843):[/b]
 [b] [img]http://www.hughpearman.com/2006/illustrations/GandyBankofEnglandrruin_01a.jpg[/img][/b]
 
 "Once upon a time, there was a wizard who knew what Heaven and Hell looked like. In fact, he designed them. He also drew the greatest royal palaces that Britain has ever dreamed of, and a massive new Parliament building. He assembled complete, monumental cities and prototype skyscrapers. The name of this magician was Joseph Michael Gandy, and he did all this in the first few decades of the 19th century. Gandy was doomed to disappointment - he built very little in the real world, and was destined to be comprehensively eclipsed by another architect. He died a mad, penniless, abandoned old man. But he was no failure, because his extraordinary visions survive."

to be continued…
Part I: Format


#285

Part I: Format

 The art of composition, can be essentially simplified into three key elements.
 
 [img]http://pages.cthome.net/tobelman/Images/the%20universe.jpg[/img]
 
 The illustration above, represents the Universe as represented by Sengai, a zen master.
 [left][b][u]The Universe[/u]
 
 [/b][i][b]"[/b]The                 circle-triangle-square is Sengai's picture of the universe. The                 circle represents the infinite, and the infinite is at the basis                 of all beings. But the infinite in itself is formless. We humans                 endowed with senses and intellect demand tangible forms. Hence                 a triangle. The triangle is the beginning of all forms. Out of                 it first comes the square. A square is the triangle doubled.                 This doubling process goes on infinitely and we have the multitudinosity                 of things, which the Chinese philosopher calls 'the ten thousand                 things', that is, the universe.[/i][/left]
 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 What does this have to do with composition one might ask.
 
 In it's distilled form,
 all artistic representations and illustrations can be formed by three basic elements of the circle-triangle-square, and the relationships of these key basic elements in an illustration are subconciously represented in numerous paintings.

Let us start by examining the approach.
When starting a painting, many people use various approaches to start and invariably, the end result is the most important. 

Let us try to present a logical, simple method to painting.

[b]I: Format
[/b]
When first painting an enviroment, 
one should imagine what kind of format you want to use.

Traditional landscapes - use a wide/horizontal approach

[img]http://www.medievalfx.com/ESG/format-horizontal.jpg[/img]

However, for photos or print, a strict rectangular frame is sometimes used instead.

And for a fantastic shot of the sky and its surroundings, a vertical or super vertical format may be used.

[i]In this instance, here is a early WIP to illustrate a space elevator connected to a ground based space port


[/i]
Saying that,
having a design plan is all good and well, but if a composition is not working, feel free to recrop, reposition, reformat until the desired outcome is achieved.

Afterall,
composition is just a tool to better train the eye of the artist’s hand


#286

III: Focal points

In any traditional painting,
one can generally find various focal points of interest. Let us examine the western approach to art known mainly as the Rule of 1/3rd and Fibronacci’s number: The Golden Ratio

Remember, these are merely compositional guidelines and one does not necessarily need to adhere to it.

Rule of 1/3rd

The Rule of 1/3rd can be described as a compositional tool of “tic-tc-toe”. It is a rule of the thumb designed to help you compose a strong illustration, especially in enviroments. Ultimately, once you understand the Rule, this allows you to make informed decisions as to how you can adapt and bend the rules to create even stronger compositions.

Divide up the view mentally into nine equal segments - two horizontal lines dividing the plane at 1/3rd intervals and two vertical lines dividing the plane at 1/3rd intervals.

At the intersection of these lines you will have four “dots”.
These foci are where you would place a point of interest for a subject. (or around it for a more naturalistic feel. You may already do this intuitively, but now you know the why)

As you compose, you would put major planes on the lines eg. horizons on the horizontal lines and buildings, trees and people on the vertical lines.


[color=white]
Optionally, one may choose to seperate the horizon lines into horizontal thrids as well, and usefully seperate foreground, midground and background (but not necessarily into thirds, as when an image recesses the thirds become less and less)


In examining various paintings, let us see how the rule of 1/3rd was used



Guillaumet: Dogs of the Douar Devouring a Dead Horse

In the painting above notice, that there are primary and secondary objects of interest placed along the main foci of the Rules of 1/3rd

Rule of 1/4ths

In addition,
you can add 1/4ths to your image and place tertiary objects of interest thereabouts.

[color=darkorange]The Golden Ratio
[/color]


[/color]Gmakart: hans dee sieg des lichts uber die finsternis
In the painting above, the composition follow a circular motion, along with parrallel wave lines with significant gestures looped subtly around the rules of 1/3rd and the Golden ratio

Optional Coursework:

Now, that you understand the most basic percept of western styled composition,
you can choose to analyze existing painters and artist about how they arranged and composed their enviroments.

A good example would be to look at: Philip Straub, Craig Mullins, Feng Zhu, John Wallin Liberto, Ryan Church, Scott Robertson and Daniel Dociu. Try to select 2 - 3 images, and overlay the basic rule of 1/3rd grid over their images. Feel free to post those overlaid images on the forums.


#287

T[color=DarkOrange]he Golden ratio, Fibonacci Numbers and Phi/pi
[/color]

In mathematics, genetics and nature, there seems to be a unique sequence of numbers or decimal numbers. One is the Golden ratio and the other, the Fibonacci sequence/number.

    [b][u]Phi and - phi[/u]
    [/b]
    There are [i]just two numbers that remain the same when they are squared[/i]    namely [b]0[/b] and [b]1[/b].      Other numbers get bigger and some get smaller when we square them:
    
    Let us represent them accordingly  whereby: 

[ol]
[li]The Golden Ratio = Phi (): and calculated as Phi2 = Phi + 1 [/li][li]Conversely when you rearrange the quadratic equation: Phi2 – Phi – 1 = 0 which can be designated as - phi represented by tau ()[/li][/ol]Both these values result in ±0·61803 39887 and ±1·61803 39887
whereby the positive value is Phi and the negative value -phi
[b]
[color=#fffffe]Sacred Geometry, and History

    [/b][size=2]The earliest study of the golden ratio dates back as far as the time of [/size][/color]Phythagoras (580 - 500BC) and his school of geometry, and further expounded upon by Theodorus of Cyrene who was a pupil of [b]Phythagoras[/b] and the tutor of [b]Plato [/b]. 
    
    [b]Plato[/b] (427 BC - 347 BC[color=#fffffe]) [/color]founded the Academy in Athens, an institution devoted to research and instruction in philosophy and the sciences. His works on philosophy, politics and mathematics were very influencial and laid the foundations for [b]Euclid's[/b] systematic approach to mathematics. Such was the influence of geometry that Plato is oft known for the qoute [i]"Let no one ignorant of Mathematics enter here[/i]" above his doorway.
    
    Initiates into the sacredness of geometry follow the precept that: He who can properly define and divide is to be considered a god. And such was the times, that the educated were true followers of mathematics, geometry, philosophy and the arts. A whollistic approach to life
    
     In 300BC, the Greek mathematician Euclid wrote the [i]Elements[/i]     which is a collection of 13 books on Geometry (as handed down from previous pioneers and collected therein). In [b]Book 6, Proposition 30[/b], Euclid shows how to        [b][i]divide a line in mean and extreme ratio[/i][/b]        which we would call "finding the golden section point      on the line".  
    
    He describes this geometrically as: that the line [i]AB[/i] is divided in extreme and mean ratio by [i]C[/i] if [i]AB[/i]:[i]AC[/i] = [i]AC[/i]:[i]CB[/i]. 
    
    [img]http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/%7Ehistory/Diagrams/Golden1.gif[/img]
     
     GB=AG   i.e. using the lengths of the sections    1-g = g [img]http://www.mcs.surrey.ac.uk/Personal/R.Knott/Fibonacci/black.gif[/img]     [img]http://www.mcs.surrey.ac.uk/Personal/R.Knott/Fibonacci/black.gif[/img]     [img]http://www.mcs.surrey.ac.uk/Personal/R.Knott/Fibonacci/black.gif[/img]     [img]http://www.mcs.surrey.ac.uk/Personal/R.Knott/Fibonacci/black.gif[/img] AGABg1   
     
     which rearranged: 1 – g = g2
     
    Meanwhile, the arabs developed algebra and an two notable arabian mathematicians [al-Khwarizmi](http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/%7Ehistory/Mathematicians/Al-Khwarizmi.html) and [Abu Kamil](http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/%7Ehistory/Mathematicians/Abu_Kamil.html)  are noted for dividing a line of length 10 in various ways quadratically.
    
    Thus, mathematics advanced seperately and subsequently fell to the wayside for a thousand years until the revival by Fibonacci
   [u][b]
   Fibonacci sequence and Rabbits
     [/b][/u]
     [b]Leonard of Pisa[/b] or [b]Fibonacci[/b] (1170 - 1250) plays an important role in reviving ancient mathematics and made significant contributions of his own with the notable introduction of [i]Liber abaci.[/i] He introduced the Hindu-Arabic place-valued decimal system and the use of Arabic numerals into Europe.
     
     Thus , the famous Fibonacci sequence was evolved by his early studies of genealogy pre dating the genetics of Darwinism. The original problem that Fibonacci investigated (in the year 1202) was about how fast rabbits could breed in ideal circumstances.
     
     [i]Suppose a newly-born pair of rabbits, one male, one female, are put in a field. Rabbits are able to mate at the age of one month so that at the end of its second month a female can produce another pair of rabbits. Suppose that our rabbits [b]never die[/b] and that the 
     [/i][i]female [b]always[/b] produces one new pair (one male, one female) [b]every month[/b] from the second month on.   The puzzle that Fibonacci posed was... [/i]
    
       [i]How many pairs will there be in one year?[/i]
     If we take the ratio of two successive numbers in Fibonacci's series, (1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, ..) and we divide each by the number before it,  we will find the following series of numbers:
      
        1/1 = 1,   2/1 = 2,   3/2 = 1·5,   5/3 = 1·666...,   8/5 = 1·6,   13/8 = 1·625,   21/13 = 1·61538...
     
     when plotted on a graph, one will see that the Fibonacci series approaches a constant value 1.6 or to be exact, the value of Phi  
     
     Examined quadratically
     F(i+2) = F(i+1) + F(i)            [i]The Fibonacci relationship[/i]
     
     [img]http://www.mcs.surrey.ac.uk/Personal/R.Knott/Fibonacci/fibRatioPlotPOS.gif[/img]
     
     To finish the historical timeline,
     the term Divine proportion is noted in a book written by [b]Luca[/b] [b]Pacioli[/b] who wrote [i]Divina proportione[/i]  ([i]Divine proportion[/i]) in 1509.  It contains drawings made by Leonardo da Vinci of the 5 Platonic solids.  However, it was probably Leonardo (da Vinci) who first called it the [b]sectio aurea[/b] (Latin for [b]the golden section[/b]).
     
     In 1597, Kepler wrote to his former tutor the exact value of the golden ratio in decimal form 0.6180340" for the length of the longer segment of a line of length 1 divided in the golden ratio. The correct value is 0.61803398874989484821... . 
     
     Independantly, Albert Girad discovered the same sequence himself in 1634 but today, history books will proclaim that [b]Robert Simson[/b] (a Scottish mathematician) as the first to write the golden ratio. Simson is best known for the [i]Simson line[/i] of a triangle, even though he was not the first discoverer of it.
     
     This was the age of the research into mysticism and the Philosopher's stone and alchemy, and thus study of sacred geometry was paramount to both the fratenity of Freemasons and others in search of the divine or exilir of life.

The Divine proportion in Nature

The Fibronacci sequence, examined graphically can be represented as a expanding spiral of rectangular boxes.

Such spirals are seen in the shape of shells of snails and sea shells and, as we see later, in the arrangment of seeds on flowering plants too. The spiral-in-the-squares makes a line from the centre of the spiral increase by a factor of the golden number in each square. So points on the spiral are 1.618 times as far from the centre after a quarter-turn. In a whole turn the points on a radius out from the center are 1.6184 = 6.854 times further out than when the curve last crossed the same radial line.

When looking at Nature,

you can find examples of the Fibonacci sequence represented in the spiral of the nautilus shell, the optimal construction of seeds, the growth of plant leaves to flower petal formations (but not all plant life conforms to this)


#288

The seed formation above, is best seen in sunflower head arrangements. It is applicable to other seed formations as well. The reason seems to be that this arrangement forms an optimal packing of the seeds so that, no matter how large the seed head, they are uniformly packed at any stage, all the seeds being the same size, no crowding in the centre and not too sparse at the edges. The spirals are patterns that the eye sees, “curvier” spirals appearing near the centre, flatter spirals (and more of them) appearing the farther out we go.

The Divine proportion in architecture

 The golden rectangle is supposed to appear in many of the proportions of that famous ancient Greek temple, the Parthenon, 
 
 [img]http://images.allposters.com/images/arc/91hc.jpg[/img][img]http://www.mcs.surrey.ac.uk/Personal/R.Knott/Fibonacci/parthenonDIAG.gif[/img]
 
 Understanding the usefulness of sacred geometry, one can construct, build and draw solid foundations for your enviroments and buildings
 
 
 
 
 [img]http://images.allposters.com/images/ric/1150-13994.jpg[/img]
 
 
 [The  Eden Project](http://www.edenproject.com/) in [St. Austell](http://www.streetmap.co.uk/newmap.srf?x=205007&y=54663&z=7&sv=205007,54663&st=4&mapp=newmap.srf&searchp=newsearch.srf&dn=734), between Plymouth and Penzance in SW England and 50 miles from Land's End, has some wonderfully impressive greenhouses based on geodesic domes (called biomes) built in an old quarry. A new £15 million [b] Education Centre[/b] called [b]The Core[/b] has been  [designed using Fibonacci Numbers and plant spirals](http://www.edenproject.com/horticulture/1118.html) to reflect the nature of the site - plants from all over the world
 
 [img]http://www.edenproject.com/images/seed8_m.jpg[/img]

The College of Engineering at the [California Polytechnic State University](http://www.ceng-web.calpoly.edu/about/) have plans for  a new [Engineering Plaza](http://www.ceng-web.calpoly.edu/plaza/) based on the Fibonacci numbers.  [i]As a guiding element, we selected the Fibonacci series spiral, or golden mean,  as the representation of engineering knowledge.[/i]

And finally,
the great pyramid of Giza is built on the core principle of the Golden ratio whereby, the joints strengthen during an earthquake!

For further information: http://www.klatu.com/lix/


#289

[b]A summary of types of composition and forms in various enviromental paintings.

[/b]In the earliest part of the series, I mentioned that everything can be simplified as a square, circle and triangle. As an extrapolation of this, various compositional forms can be an extnesion of these, although Philip Straub explains this best.
Phil straub summarises these forms of composition as the circle, the radii, the L, the triangle, the cross and the iconic

All of these, help to construct an interesting enviromental painting, but in additional there are a whole other array of aspects to consider:

[ol]
[li]Heirachy of values[/li][li]Tonal values[/li][li]Colour perspective[/li][li]Abstract shapes[/li][li]Parrallel lines[/li][/ol]


#290

hi koshime,

I have posted a few landscape paintings and have collected a few photos (which I have to upload yet).

What’s going on? Activity is a bit low in general and if you run out of luck this will be a private tuition for just me…:scream:

…which I would gladly take…:smiley:


#291

Finally, we come to the payoff.
Why and how to use the golden section in artwork.

You’ve seen the mathematical basis, you’ve seen its potential as the divine number or ratio (42 figures in it as well!!!), a brief history of the use throughout the ages, the golden section represents the holy grail and philosopher’s stone of the artitst, builders, musicians, mathetmathicians, cosmologist, physicist…the application is endless

In the above image, lies the re representation of the circle, square and triangle all embodied with the golden rectangle and fibonacci spiral. Leonardo was indeed a student of the ancient arts, plato and sacred geometry. Thus how should we apply this template to our artwork?

Working to a rigid set of art rules can stifle the aspect of creativity…


#292

Hi Koshime, I’m finally free!

Just to make sure I understand the assignment, you want me to get 10-15 reference images related to Victorian designs? EDIT: Ok, just 10-15 references of architecture/landscape.


#293

I am also able to partake in this workshop now since as I’ve finished university. I really need to get into environment painting, etc…specialising solely in character animation won’t do me any good anyway. Should be a good pickmeup where painting is concerned, especially.


#294

great, so we have a small group of 2-3 peeps. I’ll finish off he weeks tutorial and see if it’ll help on a practical application like the semi victorian landscape painting


#295

Wonderful!

Where exactly do you want these images sent? That website has some beautiful photos! Went through about 15-25 pages worth.


#296

hey don forget about me…even tho i dont seem active im very much following the thread as always …so when you start 'l b dere :slight_smile:


#297

I’ll PM folks/participants for the website upload/netowrok details so you guys can share/swap and use the enviro references to compose and craft your images


#298

hey everyone

great to see others join in so the awkward private-tuition-feeling goes away…:scream:

just wanted to say that I uploaded a few landscape paintings into an appropriate directory in the space at box.net and would love to see a few more of those…


#299

hi koshime, please do count me in for the details to where we should submit the photos, ive no idea where to shove them in… ive been following this thread like crazy and im just so impatient to start.


#300

Mu, is there some sort of communal uploading place at box.net? How do I access your paintings?